My primary research focuses on the later Roman Empire and its successor states. Within these fields, I am particularly interested in socio-cultural and political history, particularly ideology, memory, propaganda, time and chronology in late Roman and post-Roman societies. This includes studies on aristocracies, especially consuls, the relations between the Western and Eastern Empires in Late Antiquity, the working of the administrative apparatus, and the history of the consulship as an institution and dating system. Recently, I have expanded my focus to include environmental history, particularly the circulation of information within the Roman world and the societal effects of plague, earthquakes and climate